The Hungarian Revolution of 1848 was part of a wave of uprisings across Europe, driven by the desire for national sovereignty and democratic rights. Led by influential figures like Sándor Petőfi, the revolution sought to free Hungary from Habsburg rule. Though ultimately suppressed, it laid the foundation for later struggles toward Hungarian independence. Today, the anniversary is not just a remembrance of history but a celebration of national identity and unity.
A fight for sovereignty and democracy
The independence movement was sparked in Budapest on March 15, when revolutionary youth, led by the renowned poet Sándor Petőfi and other intellectuals, gathered at Pilvax Café, a well-known meeting place for reformists. From there, they marched to various locations throughout the city, rallying support for their cause. During the day they also visited the printing house of Landerer and Heckenast, where they printed the Hungarian nation’s demands, known as the "12 Points." These demands called for Hungary's independence and included key provisions such as the official use of the Hungarian language in education and law, as well as the establishment of a Hungarian Parliament. The crowd grew as they moved to the National Museum, where Petőfi recited his passionate poem, "Nemzeti Dal" (National Song), fueling the patriotic spirit of the people. It’s famous opening line: "Talpra magyar, hí a haza!" (Rise up, Hungarian, the homeland calls!) became the iconic slogan of the movement, and successfully encouraged the whole nation to take action toward their freedom. This marked the beginning of a series of events that led to Hungary’s war of independence against Austria, and ultimately to gaining full sovereignty in 1918.
Sándor Petőfi: Poet and Revolutionary
Sándor Petőfi (1823–1849) was not only one of Hungary’s most beloved poets, but also a national hero and revolutionary figure. His poetry was deeply passionate, blending patriotism with themes of love, nature, and human struggles. His works, such as "Szabadság, szerelem!" (Liberty and Love!) or "A Tisza" reflect his reformer spirit and his vision of a free Hungary. Unlike many poets of his time, his writing was direct and emotional, making his messages accessible to the common people and fueling the revolutionary movement.
Petőfi played an active role in the fight for independence, even joining the Hungarian army. Tragically, at the age of 26, he disappeared during the Battle of Segesvár in 1849. Despite his short life, his literary and revolutionary legacy remains deeply embedded in Hungarian culture, and he is widely regarded as a national hero.
Remembrance in the present day
March 15 is a national holiday in Hungary, therefore most workplaces, schools, and businesses are closed. Throughout the day, official speeches, military parades, concerts, and cultural programs take place across the country, honoring the spirit of the Revolution. Schools and institutions also organize performances, historical reenactments, and poetry recitations, to ensure that even younger generations understand the significance of this day. The key symbol of March 15 is the „kokárda”, a ribbon rosette in the colors of the Hungarian flag (red, white, and green). It is believed that Sándor Petőfi’s wife, Júlia Szendrey sewn the first kokárda, which Petőfi and his fellow revolutionaries proudly wore as they led the uprising in Budapest. Since then, Hungarians proudly wear the kokárda on their chest on March 15 as a sign of patriotism and respect for the revolutionaries. In the days leading up to the holiday, kokárdas can be found in nearly every shop, making it easy for everyone to participate in the tradition. Whether pinned to coats, jackets, or sweaters, this small yet powerful symbol unites Hungarians in remembering their fight for freedom and independence.
